p-ISSN 1225-3537e-ISSN 2233-4173
Yeonhee Lee, Gnu Nam, Hyesung Yeom, Bokyeong Kim, Changhyun Shin, Jae-Young Kim / Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture / 2024 / v.43, 1-10
Abstract
This study was performed to evaluate the potential damage caused by a chemical accident through the analysis of off-site consequence (OCA) and the presence of ammonia residues in crops. The assessment of OCA was carried out for worst-case and alternative-case scenarios. To determine the ammonia residues in crops, samples were collected from both sweetpotato (SW) and wormwood (WW) crops in 9 separate groups within the affected area, and the ammonium levels were quantified using ion chromatography. As a result of the OCA, for the worst- and alternative-case scenarios, the impact distances were estimated at 1.6 km and 666 m from the accident site, respectively. In the impacted zone, SW samples exhibited ammonia concentrations ranging from 69.6 to 218.0 mg/kg, which were up to 16.9 times higher than those in the unaffected areas. Meanwhile, WW samples in both the worst- and alternative-case scenarios showed lower ammonia, with concentrations varying from 62.2 to 77.8 mg/kg and 49.0 to 67.8 mg/kg, respectively. These results indicate that the ammonium residue in crops outside the affected area is at least 49 mg/kg due to the inherent ammonium in plants, the application of nitrogen fertilizer, and various nitrogen sources. Thus, it may not be possible to predict the actual impact range accurately. However, the simultaneous assessment of OCA and the residue analysis offers valuable insights into the initial contamination levels of the accident-affected area.
Jae-Hyun Park, Gyu-Hyeon Park, Dong-Hoon Sagong / Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture / 2024 / v.43, 11-21
In grape nursery stock production, grafting success and nursery quality depend on the grafting materials, method, attention paid to grafting, grafting time, ambient conditions, and post-transplanting management. Recently, various grafting methods have been employed in grapevine propagation. This study aimed to determine the most effective grafting methods for producing high-quality grape nursery stock of ‘Campbell Early’/3309C. Grafting operations were conducted in early April using four grafting techniques, i.e., tongue grafting, veneer grafting, cleft grafting, and omega machine grafting. The data showed that the omega machine grafting was fast and yielded a high proportion of nursery stock for sale. Tongue grafting resulted in the highest grafting success, tree height, and percentage of nursery stock for sale and special grade nursery stock. The veneer grafting produced a high shoot diameter and a low percentage of low grade (unsaleable in Korea) nursery stock. The percentage of low-grade nursery stock and the expected yield of low-grade nursery trees were high in both tongue and cleft grafting. Based on the results from this study, the most effective grafting method of grape ‘Campbell Early’/3309C nursery stock in the nursery production company was the veneer grafting or omega machine grafting.
Jin-Ho Kim, Jong-Sik Lee, Kyu-Hyun Park, Chan-Wook Lee, Sung-Chang Hong, Min-Wook Kim, Hye-Min Lee / Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture / 2024 / v.43, 22-31
Short Lived Climate Forcers (SLCF) are substances with relatively short lifetime in the atmosphere. Recently, it has become an object of attention, because SLCF such as black carbon (BC), methane (CH4), tropospheric ozone (O3), and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) have a warming effect on climate, and some of them have detrimental impacts on human health and agriculture. In this study, it is necessary to provide basic data for establishing countermeasures in the agricultural sector against ozone, and the emission characteristics of ozone evaluated through various existing studies. As SLCF, the Radiative Forcing from increases in tropospheric ozone is estimated to be 0.35±0.15 Wm–2. Ozone damages photosynthesis, plant structure and function, as well as productivity. A common symptom of ozone injury is small stipple-like lesions on the leaf surface. Recently matured leaves are more susceptible than very young and old leaves. The optimum condition for ozone formation are high temperature and solar radiation, low relative humidity and wind speed. With these condition, early summer before the rainy season will be the worst time in Korea. It is important to understand the pollution level of ozone and various problems, which will be brought with climate change. It will be another element for agricultural management in the future.
Keon Sang Ryoo / Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture / 2024 / v.43, 32-51
The soil in north Gyeongsangbuk-do is mostly made up of sand, which lacks various essential minerals for growing crops, and also increases the pollution of the surrounding water when it rains. Therefore, the applicability of water pollution reduction and soil restoration was examined by using compost prepared by mixing MgO and mineral sources in a weight ratio of 1:2 with the existing Korean cattle compost. MgO used is a powder obtained by activating MgCO3 natural stone at 800℃ for 2 hours, and the mineral source was made by adding white soil to a sulfuric acid solution and heating it at 80℃ for 1 h and then recovering the sulfuric acid solution. After spraying the prepared compost on 20 farmland, water pollution and soil fertility were measured through analysis of water and soil items such as TOC, BOD, T-N, and T-C before and after spraying. When newly prepared compost was applied to the soil, the concentrations of TOC, BOD, T-N, and TP were reduced by 19.09%, 28.0%, 30.9%, and 27.5%, respectively, compared to commercial compost. On the basis of these results, it was confirmed that newly prepared compost is better than commercial compost for the water pollution reduction effect and the inhibition of green algae generation. Through soil analysis, the levels of EC and effective phosphoric acid in the soil were lower in the newly prepared compost than in the commercial compost. It is expected that soil fertility can be increased by reducing the rate of nutrient loss caused by rainfall.
